The research strategy in this study approximates the grounded theory, utilising inductive reasoning to generate arguments and conclusions about the form, validity and future of the smart city. A qualitative comparison of the smart city initiatives in selected target countries and cities were done. The objective of this study is to critically review the smart city research paradigm and to find possible pitfalls, conflicting results and topics for further study and improvement. Cities all over the world see this as an opportunity for better quality of life. ICT is the enabler that, when properly used for networking and integration, provides social, environmental and economic benefits for all.

The technological systems can only be managed if they are properly integrated. The essence of being smart in modern society lies in acting locally but being networked outside oneвЂ™s own geographical location.

Upgrading existing infrastructure asks for new business concepts including new models for ownership.

Importance of resiliency, safety and security is highlighted.

mobility as a service, building as a service, energy as-a-service, X-as-a-service are coming

Importance of energy management at building and district level increases as well as the increased use of low carbon energies.

Cities have many stakeholders value-chains and changing and new eco-systems are emerging.

Integrated and cross-sectoral planning and management is essential.

Digitalisation in enabling new services and innovation as well as more efficient systems.

The main cross-cutting conclusion in specific roadmap areas were following: Real PPPP (public, private and people partnership) model in which all actors are committed to development and innovation together. It also requires higher-level cooperation with the city administration and its agencies. It comprises citizens and business-based services and solutions. This novel integrating approach by different sectors would make use of the synergistic opportunities provided by advanced ICT. Smart management is the key to maintaining peopleвЂ™s wellbeing under the pressure of resource efficiency. Multifunctioning systems not only create cost savings but also increase safety and reliability through better utilization of intelligent, integrated and optimized networks. Holistically operating resource-efficient cities are better able to react to changes. Sustainable transformation of cities is only possible when it is done in a smart way. At the same time, cities have limited access to financial resources. The need for investment and expenditure to improve energy efficiency, modernize infrastructure and create high quality living environments is enormous. Pressure is growing to reduce our environmental impact, and there is a parallel compelling need for business to remain globally competitive. At the same time, societal development needs to be addressed and the focus put on peopleвЂ™s well-being. Our challenge is to reduce environmental impact and the carbon footprint.

It can be said that efficient technologies and ICT, one part of which is the Internet of Things, is a common dominator: tying together services, residency, mobility, infrastructure and energy. As more and more people get together, smart systems and their integration need to be developed, not only to provide the services that people need but also to do so efficiently with minimum impact on the environment. It does not store any personal data.Urbanization is a growing trend. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category 'Performance'. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category 'Other.

The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category 'Necessary'. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category 'Functional'. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category 'Analytics'.

These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly.

Briqs seasonal