BГ№sЗђ zhД« yГ o дёЌж»д№‹и—Ґ 'drug of deathlessness' was another early name for the elixir of immortality. Many Chinese elixir names are compounds of dan, such as jД«ndДЃn й‡‘дё№ (with 'gold') meaning 'golden elixir elixir of immortality potable gold' and xiДЃndДЃn д»™дё№ (with ' Daoist immortal') 'elixir of immortality panacea', and shГ©ndДЃn зҐћдё№ (with 'spirit god') 'divine elixir'.

'mineral powder on a stretched filter-cloth' (Needham and Lu).

'placed in a tray or palette to be used as red pigment' (Wang Hongyuan зЋ‹е®Џжєђ).

'the contents of a square receptacle' ( Bernhard Karlgren).

'the crucible of the Taoist alchemists' ( LГ©on Wieger).

jЗђng дє• 'well' represents the mine from which the cinnabar is taken' ( Shuowen Jiezi).

Early scripts combine a дё¶ dot or вјЂ stroke (depicting a piece of cinnabar) in the middle of a surrounding frame, which is said to represent: 1600вЂ“1046 BCE) and bronzeware script and seal script from the Zhou Dynasty (1045вЂ“256 BCE), paleographers disagree about the graphic origins of the logograph дё№ and its ancient variants р Ѓї and р •‘. ДЄlthough the word dan дё№ 'cinnabar red' frequently occurs in oracle script from the late Shang Dynasty (c. The * t- initial and * t- or * k- doublets indicate that Old Chinese borrowed this item. ДЄccording to the ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese, the etymology of Modern Standard Chinese dДЃn from Old Chinese *tДЃn (< * tlanВ ?) дё№ 'red vermillion cinnabar', gДЃn зџё in dДЃngДЃn дё№зџё from * tГўn-kГўn (< * tlan-klanВ ?) 'cinnabar vermillion ore', and zhДЃn from * tan ж—ѓ 'a red flag' derive from Proto-Kam-Sui * h-lan 'red' or Proto-Sino-Tibetan * tja-n or * tya-n 'red'. 'cinnabar sand') was anciently used to produce the pigment vermilion ( zhЕ«hГіng жњ±зґ…) and the element mercury ( shuЗђyГn ж°ґйЉЂ 'watery silver' or gЗ’ng ж±ћ).

The red mineral cinnabar ( dДЃnshДЃ дё№з ‚ lit. Outside of Chinese cultural contexts, English elixir poisoning usually refers to accidental contamination, such as the 1937 elixir sulfanilamide mass poisoning in the United States.ДДЃn дё№ 'cinnabar vermillion elixir alchemy' is the keyword for Chinese immortality elixirs. In modern usage, elixir is a pharmaceutical term for 'A sweetened aromatic solution of alcohol and water, serving as a vehicle for medicine'.

Hence adopted as a name for quack medicines' (e.g., Daffy's Elixir) and 'The quintessence or soul of a thing its kernel or secret principle'. The word was figuratively extended to mean 'A sovereign remedy for disease. Elixir originated in medieval European alchemy meaning 'A preparation by the use of which it was sought to change metals into gold' ( elixir stone or philosopher's stone) or 'A supposed drug or essence with the property of indefinitely prolonging life' ( elixir of life).

The Elixir of Immortality blends truth and fiction as it rewrites European history through comic, imaginative, scandalous, and tragic tales that prove вЂњthe only thing that can possibly give human beings immortality on this earth: Our ability to remember.The etymology of English elixir derives from Medieval Latin elixir, from Arabic ШҐЩѓШіЩЉШ± ( al-КѕiksД«r), probably from Ancient Greek ОѕО®ПЃО№ОїОЅ ( xбё—rion 'a desiccative powder for wounds'). He chronicles the SpinozasвЂ™ involvement in some of EuropeвЂ™s most formative cultural events with intertwining narratives that move through ages of tyranny, creativity, and social upheaval: Into medieval Portugal, Grand inquisitor TorquemadaвЂ™s Spain, RembrandtвЂ™s Amsterdam, the French Revolution, FreudвЂ™s Vienna, and the horrors of both world wars. From his deathbed, he begins his narrative, hoping to save his lineage from oblivion.ДЄriвЂ™s two main sources of his familyвЂ™s history are a trunk of yellowing documents inherited from his grandfather, and his great-uncle FernandoвЂ™s tales that captivated him when he was a child. Now, after thirty-six generations, the last descendant of this long and illustrious chain, Ari Spinoza, doesnвЂ™t have a son to whom to entrust the manuscript. Since the eleventh century, the Spinoza family has passed down, from father to son, a secret manuscript containing the recipe for immortality. A mesmerizing debut novel that spans a thousand years of European and Jewish history seen through the beguiling members of the Spinoza family.

Elixir of immortality